Oil Management Design Considerations for Industrial

Oil Management Design Considerations for Industrial Transcritical CO2 Systems (2022) - Carbon dioxide as a refrigerant is becoming increasingly more popular on a global scale. The industrial refrigeration market is also finding applications for transcritical CO2 systems. Unlike ammonia systems, oil in CO2 systems is typically miscible and can create unique challenges in its management. With thousands of commercial transcritical systems running worldwide, much knowledge and experience has been gained on this topic. Certainly these systems can be employed in many industrial environments. However, some industrial systems have increased complexities; not just larger capacities, but also longer pipe runs and/or more dramatic load shifts. These factors should drive an industrial transcritical CO2 system designer to consider additional measures. In this paper, we first explore a comparison to commercial systems as the baseline of tried-and-true oil management. We then explain some of the unique challenges that an industrial system might find and offer potential solutions as to how to solve them. In addition, the selection of sizing and the components here discussed is paramount to ensure proper compressor lubrication and maintain high levels of heat transfer and efficiency while removing as much oil as possible from the refrigerant. Finally, we provide examples of industrial transcritical CO2 applications such as ice rinks and a food processing plant, where we evaluate and discuss the oil management systems employed in detail.
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