Liquid Overfeed Ammonia Refrigerating Plant and Energy

Liquid Overfeed Ammonia Refrigerating Plant and Energy Efficiency (2022) - The global HFC phase-down and the proposed restrictions on PFAS (per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances) have accelerated the transition towards natural refrigerants. The requirements of the Paris Agreement, the European CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) initiative, and ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) have combined to elevate the ranking of system energy efficiencies in decision-making processes. Energy performance benchmarking for certain refrigeration applications is emerging in various polities and sectors. The benchmarking is often technologyagnostic and challenges long-held conventions and energy-efficiency engineering capabilities. This will continue and will force critical reviews of all refrigeration system design conventions. One such system is the liquid overfeed concept that will celebrate its centenary in 2025. This paper presents energy performance records from refrigerating plants servicing several refrigerated warehouses and provides evidence that the presence of high-density liquefied refrigerant in complex suction line networks of expansive plants may cause more energy waste than previously thought. This paper seeks to quantify the energy performance penalties associated with liquid overfeed through comparisons of near-identical practical installations where the only significant difference is the presence (or not) of liquefied refrigerant in the suction line network. Finally, this paper presents a small selection of practical business cases that demonstrate the economic viability of design interventions targeting maximization of energy efficiency.
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